American Women and the Mexican Business Culture

American Women and the Mexican Business Culture For a female American employee assigned to a posting in Mexico, several key cultural differences exist. In any business context, regardless of the country, ineffective communication between employees and management often interferes with productivity, innovation and problem solving.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on American Women and the Mexican Business Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will detail two of the key areas where an American female employee may encounter cultural differences that have the potential to derail effective communication within the workplace. The first area is physical contact in the workplace. The second area occurs in the area of sexual harassment. Mexico also tends toward traditionally female centered family values which have to the potential to clash with career-oriented American women who rate highly on the masculine index. Physical Contact in the Workplace In the Mex ican business culture, there is a warmth and familiarity between employees and management that differs greatly from the United States (Stephens Greer 1995). Mexican employees tend to be extremely warm and friendly and communicate both verbally and physically; they regularly employ what is known as the abrazo, or embrace, at the beginning of each work day (Stephens Greer 1995). This custom involves â€Å"male supervisors kissing their female secretaries on the cheek at the start of the day† (Stephens Greer 1995). In general, as one executive explained, â€Å"everyone hugs and kisses a lot more than we do in the States† (Stephens Greer 1995). On the whole the American business culture frowns on physical contact and maintains a formal physical space between employees and management. For the American female employee new to the Mexican workplace this custom may feel intimidating, inappropriate or threatening. She may also feel that she is being demeaned and may consider it a means of rebuking her authority in the public forum. However in the Mexican business culture it is considered â€Å"social protocol,† therefore resistance to it or attempts to abolish it will likely ruffle feathers (Stephens Greer 1995).Advertising Looking for term paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More American female employees are best served to expect more physical contact in the Mexican business culture and accept it as part of the transition from one country to another. Ethics The Mexican business culture regularly employs what would be considered corrupt and unethical business practices – not to mention in some cases criminal – in the United States. Some of these ethically questionable business practices include bribery and profiteering (Silver 2003). Whereas the American female employee new to the Mexican business landscape would likely perceive these pract ices as business problems, the Mexican business culture would perceive them as the nature of doing business and not a problem at all. Therefore the American female employee expect to meet some ethically challenging situations, and must be prepared to have a discussion with her team as to ethical business solutions to business problems using the American model. Sexual Harassment One of the most ethically distasteful situations that can occur in the workplace is sexual harassment. In the United States sexual harassment is a deeply offensive situation for female employees; many female employees have used the courts to further their cases, and these legal precedents have created an environment in the American workplace where managers who sexually harass their employees face stiff penalties, not to mention social infamy. In Mexico, conversely, sexual harassment is viewed as normal. According to Stephens Greer (1995), â€Å"there are no legal protections in Mexico regarding discriminati on on the basis of genderSexual harassment is perfectly acceptable. It is almost considered a management privilege. A young woman would never think of complaining about sexual harassment. Some even think of it as positive interest (Stephens Greer 1995). This cultural element will likely shock and dismay many American female employees, some of whom may have left previous positions for this reason.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on American Women and the Mexican Business Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Masculinity Index the Role of Women An interesting paradox exists in Mexico; though it has a masculine culture, it tends also to operate along traditional feminine lines (Stephens Greer 1995; Borstorff Hearn 2000; Dols Gilbert Silvius 2010). Younger generations of Mexicans tend to have more gender egalitarian attitudes. According to Stephens Greer (1995), â€Å"younger women are more progressive, more proactive, [and] more career-oriented† (Stephens Greer 1995). However, many Mexican women have little interest in attaining â€Å"high-ranking positions, and arent found in them,† because home and family is considered paramount and still largely the domain of women (Stephens Greer 1995; Borstorff Hearn 2000). This occurs because many women in Mexico leave the workforce and never return once they become pregnant, and the concept of working mothers is problematic, since the cultural expectation is that mother should be home with their children (Stephens Greer 1995). American female employees with children may find themselves frowned upon or viewed with confusion by their co-workers as a result of this. Also, American female employees often find they rate quite highly on the masculine index, in that they value â€Å"assertiveness, performance and material success,† and often balance their careers with childcare duties (Dols Gilbert Silvius 2010). Also, America n female employees may find Mexican hiring practices extremely biased. Mexican employers openly prefer males, and no legislation exists to counter gender discrimination. As a result, â€Å"Mexican employers tend to hire married men first, then single men, single women and finally (and rarely) married women† (Stephens Greer 1995). Conclusion For a female American employee about to embark on a position in Mexico, the main thing to be aware of is the perceived role of women, especially married women with families. The culture is largely traditional. In the culture of the United States working mothers are considered normal, however few exist in Mexico. References Borstorff , P.C. Hearn, W.M. (2000). Going abroad: Tyson foods in Mexico. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 6,(1), 87-88.Advertising Looking for term paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dols, T. Gilbert Silvius, A.J. (2010). Exploring the influence of national cultures on non-compliance behavior. Communications of the IIMA, 10(3), 11-32. Silver, S. (2003, September 22). Ethics on top of the Mexican curriculum: INTERVIEW JORGE GUTIERREZ VILLARREAL, IPADE: Changing attitudes in a business culture that is often endemically corrupt is an ongoing campaign, says Sara Silver. The Financial Times, pp.16. Stephens, G. K. Greer, C.R. (1995). Doing business in Mexico: understanding cultural differences. Organizational Dynamics, 24 (1), 39-56.

The Scope and Health of the African Rainforest

The Scope and Health of the African Rainforest The vast African rainforest stretches across much of the central African continent, encompassing the following countries in its woods: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Cote dIvoire (Ivory Coast),  Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Mauritania,  Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger,  Nigeria,  Rwanda, Senegal, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,  Somalia, Sudan,  Tanzania, Togo,  Uganda, Zambia,  and  Zimbabwe. Degradation Except for the Congo Basin, the tropical rainforests of Africa have been largely depleted by commercial exploitation: logging and conversion for agriculture. In West Africa, nearly 90% of the original rainforest is gone. The remainder is heavily fragmented and in a degraded state, being poorly used. Especially problematic in Africa is desertification and conversion of rainforests to erodible agriculture and grazing lands. To counteract this trend, the World Wildlife Fund and the United Nations have put a number of global initiatives in place. Details About the Rainforests Status By far, the largest number of countries with rainforests are located in one geographical section of the world- the Afrotropical region. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) indicates that these countries,  mainly in West and Central Africa, are mostly poor with populations that live at the subsistence level. Most of the tropical rainforests  of Africa exist in the Congo (Zaire) River Basin, though remnants also are present throughout Western Africa in a sorry state due to the plight of poverty, which encourages subsistence agriculture and firewood harvesting. This realm is dry and seasonal when compared to the other areas, and the outlying portions of this rainforest are steadily becoming a desert. Over 90%  of West Africas original forest has been lost over the last century and only a small part of what remains qualifies as closed forest. Africa lost the highest percentage of rainforests during the 1980s of any other tropical region. During 1990–95 the annual rate of total deforestation in Africa was nearly 1%. In the whole of Africa, for every 28 trees cut down, only one tree is replanted. Challenges and Solutions According to rainforest expert Rhett Butler, who wrote the book A Place Out of Time: Tropical Rainforests and the Perils They Face: The outlook for  the regions rainforests  is not promising. Many countries have agreed in principle to conventions of biodiversity and forest preservation, but in  practice, these concepts of sustainable forestry are not enforced. Most governments lack the funds and technical know-how to make these projects a reality.Funding for most conservation projects comes from foreign sectors and 70-75% of forestry in the region is funded by external resources....Additionally, a population growth rate exceeding 3% annually, combined with the poverty of rural peoples, makes it difficult for the government to control local subsistence clearing and hunting. An economic downturn in important parts of the world has many African nations re-examining their forest product harvesting policies. African and international organizations alike have initiated local programs addressing the sustainable management of rainforests. These programs are showing some potential but have had minimal effect to date. The United Nations is putting some pressure on African governments to abandon tax incentives for practices that encourage deforestation. Ecotourism and bioprospecting  are  believed to have potential as they add much or more value to local economies when compared with wood products.